Events
64
– Great Fire of Rome: a fire begins to
burn in the merchant area of Rome and
soon burns completely out of control.
According to a popular, but untrue legend,
Nero fiddled as the city burned.
484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned
Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey).
He is recognized in Antioch and makes
it his capital.
711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle
of Guadalete – Umayyad forces under Tariq
ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by
King Roderic.
1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence:
Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win
a decisive victory over the Scots.
1544 – Italian War of 1542: the first
Siege of Boulogne begins.
1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks
off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged
in one of the most complex and expensive
projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary
I of England as Queen of England after
only nine days of reign.
1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines
– The Spanish Armada is sighted in the
English Channel.
1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois
Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding
a large territory north of the Ohio River
to England.
1702 – Great Northern War: A numerically
superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus
II the Strong, operating from an advantageous
defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish
army half its size under the command of
King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.
1832 – The British Medical Association
is founded as the Provincial Medical and
Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings
at a meeting in the Board Room of the
Worcester Infirmary.
1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great
Britain is launched, becoming the first
ocean-going craft with an iron hull or
screw propeller and also becoming the
largest vessel afloat in the world.
1848 – Women's rights: a two-day Women's
Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls,
New York; there the "Bloomers"
are introduced.
1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid
– At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate
General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the
north is mostly thwarted when a large
group of his men are captured while trying
to escape across the Ohio River.
1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle
of Nanking – The Qing Dynasty finally
defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares
war on Prussia.
1900 – The first line of the Paris Métro
opens for operation.
1908 – Dutch football club Feyenoord was
founded
1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles
– British and Australian troops attack
German trenches in a prelude to the Battle
of the Somme.
1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations
marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen
riot and burn down Luton Town Hall.
1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada
– The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina
clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo
Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms
the Intelligence Corps of the British
Army.
1942 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic
– German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders
the last U-boats to withdraw from their
United States Atlantic coast positions
in response to the effective American
convoy system.
1947 – The Prime Minister of the shadow
Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and
6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members
are assassinated by Galon U Saw.
1947 – Korean politician Yuh Woon-Hyung
is assassinated.
1961 – Tunisia imposes a blockade on the
French naval base at Bizerte; the French
would capture the entire town four days
later.
1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American
X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres
(347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding
an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies
as a human spaceflight under international
convention.
1964 – Vietnam War: at a rally in Saigon,
South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen
Khanh calls for expanding the war into
North Vietnam.
1972 – Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units
help the Omani government against Popular
Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels
in the Battle of Mirbat.
1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal
is created.
1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow
the government of the Somoza family in
Nicaragua.
1981 – In a private meeting with U.S.
President Ronald Reagan, French Prime
Minister François Mitterrand reveals the
existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection
of documents showing that the Soviets
had been stealing American technological
research and development.
1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction
of a human head in a CT is published.
1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses
killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
1989 – United Airlines flight 232 crashes
in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the
296 passengers.
1992 – A car bomb placed by mafia with
collaboration of Italian intelligence
kills judge Paolo Borsellino and five
members of his escort
1997 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish
Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to
end their 25-year campaign to end British
rule in Northern Ireland.
Holidays
and observances
Burmese
Martyrs' Day (Burma)
Christian Feast Day:
Arsenius (Roman Catholic Church)
Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
Justa and Rufina
Kirdjun
Macrina the Younger, Sister of St. Basil
the Great
Symmachus
July 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Sandinista Day or Liberation Day (Nicaragua)
For details, contact Datacentre
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