Independence
day
Turkey
Events
of the day
539 BC β Cyrus the Great
enters the city of Babylon, detains Nabonidus
and ends the Babylonian captivity. He gives
the Jews permission to return to Yehud province
and to rebuild the Temple; but most Jews
choose to remain in Babylon.
312 β Constantine the Great enters Rome
after his victory at the Milvian Bridge,
stages a grand adventus in the city, and
is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius'
body is fished out of the Tiber and beheaded.
437 β Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor,
marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his
cousin Theodosius II, Eastern Roman Emperor
in Constantinople unifying the two branches
of the House of Theodosius.
969 β Byzantine troops occupy Antioch Syria.
1268 β Conradin, the last legitimate male
heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings
of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed
along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave
of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political
rival and ally to the hostile Roman Catholic
church.
1390 β First trial for witchcraft in Paris
leading to the death of three people.
1422 β Charles VII of France becomes king
in succession to his father Charles VI of
France.
1467 β Battle of Brustem: Charles the Bold
defeats Liege.
1611 β Russian homage to the King of Poland,
Sigismund III Vasa.
1618 β English adventurer, writer, and courtier
Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded for allegedly
conspiring against James I of England.
1658 β Battle of the Sound.
1665 β Battle of Ambuila, in which Portuguese
forces defeat the forces of the Kingdom
of Kongo and decapitated king Antonio I
of Kongo, also called Nvita a Nkanga.
1675 β Leibniz makes the first use of the
long s (β«) as a symbol of the integral in
calculus.
1787 β Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives
its first performance in Prague.
1792 β Mount Hood (Oregon) is named after
the British naval officer Alexander Arthur
Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton who spotted
the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette
River.
1863 β Eighteen countries meet in Geneva
and agree to form the International Red
Cross.
1863 β American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie
β Forces under Union General Ulysses S.
Grant repel a Confederate attack led by
General James Longstreet. Union forces thus
open a supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.
1886 β The first ticker-tape parade takes
place in New York City when office workers
spontaneously throw ticker tape into the
streets as the Statue of Liberty is dedicated.
1888 β The Convention of Constantinople
is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage
through the Suez Canal during war and peace.
1901 β In Amherst, Massachusetts nurse Jane
Toppan is arrested for murdering the Davis
family of Boston with an overdose of morphine.
1901 β Capital punishment: Leon Czolgosz,
the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley,
is executed by electrocution.
1918 β The German High Seas Fleet is incapacitated
when sailors mutiny on the night of the
29th-30th, an action which would trigger
the German Revolution of 1918β1919.
1921 β The Link River Dam, a part of the
Klamath Reclamation Project, is completed.
1921 β Second trial of Sacco and Vanzetti
in the United States of America.
1921 β The Harvard University football team
loses to Centre College, ending a 25 game
winning streak. This is considered one of
the biggest upsets in college football.
1922 β The King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel
III, appoints Benito Mussolini as Prime
Minister.
1923 β Turkey becomes a republic following
the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
1929 β The New York Stock Exchange crashes
in what will be called the Crash of '29
or "Black Tuesday", ending the
Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning
the Great Depression.
1941 β The Holocaust: In the Kaunas Ghetto
over 10,000 Jews are shot by German occupiers
at the Ninth Fort, a massacre known as the
"Great Action".
1942 β The Holocaust: In the United Kingdom,
leading clergymen and political figures
hold a public meeting to register outrage
over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.
1944 β The city of Breda in the Netherlands
is liberated by 1st Polish Armoured Division.
1945 β Getulio Vargas, president of Brazil,
resigns.
1948 β Safsaf massacre.
1953 β BCPA Flight 304 DC-6 crashes near
San Francisco, California. Pianist William
Kapell is among the 19 killed.
1955 β The Soviet battleship Novorossiisk
strikes a World War II mine in the harbor
at Sevastopol.
1956 β Suez Crisis begins: Israeli forces
invade the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian
forces back toward the Suez Canal.
1956 β The Tangier Protocol is signed: The
international city Tangier is reintegrated
into Morocco.
1957 β Israel's prime minister David Ben-Gurion
and five of his ministers are injured when
a hand grenade is tossed into Israel's parliament,
the Knesset.
1960 β In Louisville, Kentucky, Cassius
Clay (who later takes the name Muhammad
Ali) wins his first professional fight.
1961 β Syria exits from the United Arab
Republic.
1964 β The United Republic of Tanganyika
and Zanzibar is renamed the United Republic
of Tanzania.
1964 β A collection of irreplaceable gems,
including the 565 carat (113 g) Star of
India, is stolen by a group of thieves (among
them is "Murph the surf") from
the American Museum of Natural History in
New York City.
1967 β London criminal Jack McVitie is murdered
by the Kray twins, leading to their eventual
imprisonment and downfall.
1967 β Montreal's World Fair, Expo 67, closes
with over 50 million visitors.
1969 β The first-ever computer-to-computer
link is established on ARPANET, the precursor
to the Internet.
1971 β In Macon, Georgia, guitarist Duane
Allman is killed in a motorcycle accident.
1980 β Demonstration flight of a secretly
modified C-130 for an Iran hostage crisis
rescue attempt ends in crash landing at
Eglin Air Force Base's Duke Field, Florida
leading to cancellation of Operation Credible
Sport.
1980 β Mark David Chapman, John Lennon's
murderer, leaves for New York from his home
in Hawaii.
1983 β Over 500,000 people demonstrate against
cruise missiles in The Hague, Netherlands.
1985 β Major General Samuel K. Doe is announced
the winner of the first multi-party election
in Liberia.
1986 β British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
opens the last stretch of the M25 motorway.
1991 β The American Galileo spacecraft makes
its closest approach to 951 Gaspra, becoming
the first probe to visit an asteroid.
1994 β Francisco Martin Duran fires over
two dozen shots at the White House (Duran
is later convicted of trying to kill US
President Bill Clinton).
1998 β Apartheid: In South Africa, the Truth
and Reconciliation Commission presents its
report, which condemns both sides for committing
atrocities.
1998 β Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off
on STS-95 with 77-year old John Glenn on
board, making him the oldest person to go
into space.
1998 β ATSC HDTV broadcasting in the United
States is inaugurated with the launch of
STS-95 space shuttle mission.
1998 β While en route from Adana to Ankara,
a Turkish Airlines flight with a crew of
6 and 33 passengers is hijacked by a Kurdish
militant who orders the pilot to fly to
Switzerland. The plane instead lands in
Ankara after the pilot tricked the hijacker
into thinking that he is landing in the
Bulgarian capital of Sofia to refuel.
1998 β Hurricane Mitch, the second deadliest
Atlantic hurricane in history, makes landfall
in Honduras.
1998 β The Gothenburg nightclub fire in
Sweden kills 63 and injures 200.
1999 β A large cyclone devastates Orissa,
India.
2002 β Ho Chi Minh City ITC Inferno, a fire
destroys a luxurious department store where
1500 people are shopping. Over 60 people
die and over 100 are unaccounted for. It
is the deadliest disaster in Vietnam during
peacetime.
2004 β The Arabic news network Al Jazeera
broadcasts an excerpt from a video of Osama
bin Laden in which the terrorist leader
first admits direct responsibility for the
September 11, 2001 attacks and references
the 2004 U.S. presidential election.
2004 β In Rome, European heads of state
sign the Treaty and Final Act establishing
the first European Constitution which, however,
failed to be ratified by all signatory countries
and therefore never entered into force.
2005 β Bombings in Delhi kill more than
60.
2008 β Delta Air Lines merges with Northwest
Airlines, creating the world's largest airline
and reducing the number of US legacy carriers
to 5.
Holidays
and observances
Christian
Feast Day:
Abraham of Rostov
Douai Martyrs
Gaetano Errico
James Hannington (Anglican Church)
Narcissus of Jerusalem (Roman Catholic Church)
October 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Coronation Day (Cambodia)
Republic Day or Cumhuriyet BayramΔ± (Turkey)
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