October
29
Independence
Day
Turkey : 29 October 1923
Events
October
29
539 BC –
Cyrus the Great enters the city of Babylon, detains Nabonidus
and ends the Babylonian captivity. He gives the Jews permission
to return to Yehud province and to rebuild the Temple; but most
Jews choose to remain in Babylon.
312 – Constantine the Great enters Rome after his victory at
the Milvian Bridge, stages a grand adventus in the city, and
is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished out
of the Tiber and beheaded.
437 – Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia
Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II, Eastern Roman
Emperor in Constantinople unifying the two branches of the House
of Theodosius.
969 – Byzantine troops occupy Antioch Syria.
1268 – Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen
dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed
along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles
I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Roman
Catholic church.
1390 – First trial for witchcraft in Paris leading to the death
of three people.
1422 – Charles VII of France becomes king in succession to his
father Charles VI of France.
1467 – Battle of Brustem: Charles the Bold defeats Liege.
1611 – Russian homage to the King of Poland, Sigismund III Vasa.
1618 – English adventurer, writer, and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh
is beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I of England.
1658 – Battle of the Sound.
1665 – Battle of Ambuila, in which Portuguese forces defeat
the forces of the Kingdom of Kongo and decapitated king Antonio
I of Kongo, also called Nvita a Nkanga.
1675 – Leibniz makes the first use of the long s (∫) as a symbol
of the integral in calculus.
1787 – Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives its first performance
in Prague.
1792 – Mount Hood (Oregon) is named after the British naval
officer Alexander Arthur Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton who
spotted the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River.
1863 – Eighteen countries meet in Geneva and agree to form the
International Red Cross.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie – Forces under
Union General Ulysses S. Grant repel a Confederate attack led
by General James Longstreet. Union forces thus open a supply
line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.
1886 – The first ticker-tape parade takes place in New York
City when office workers spontaneously throw ticker tape into
the streets as the Statue of Liberty is dedicated.
1888 – The Convention of Constantinople is signed, guaranteeing
free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and
peace.
1901 – In Amherst, Massachusetts nurse Jane Toppan is arrested
for murdering the Davis family of Boston with an overdose of
morphine.
1901 – Capital punishment: Leon Czolgosz, the assassin of U.S.
President William McKinley, is executed by electrocution.
1918 – The German High Seas Fleet is incapacitated when sailors
mutiny on the night of the 29th-30th, an action which would
trigger the German Revolution of 1918–1919.
1921 – The Link River Dam, a part of the Klamath Reclamation
Project, is completed.
1921 – Second trial of Sacco and Vanzetti in the United States
of America.
1921 – The Harvard University football team loses to Centre
College, ending a 25 game winning streak. This is considered
one of the biggest upsets in college football.
1922 – The King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, appoints Benito
Mussolini as Prime Minister.
1923 – Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of
the Ottoman Empire.
1929 – The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called
the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great
Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression.
1941 – The Holocaust: In the Kaunas Ghetto over 10,000 Jews
are shot by German occupiers at the Ninth Fort, a massacre known
as the "Great Action".
1942 – The Holocaust: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen
and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage
over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.
1944 – The city of Breda in the Netherlands is liberated by
1st Polish Armoured Division.
1945 – Getulio Vargas, president of Brazil, resigns.
1948 – Safsaf massacre.
1953 – BCPA Flight 304 DC-6 crashes near San Francisco, California.
Pianist William Kapell is among the 19 killed.
1955 – The Soviet battleship Novorossiisk strikes a World War
II mine in the harbor at Sevastopol.
1956 – Suez Crisis begins: Israeli forces invade the Sinai Peninsula
and push Egyptian forces back toward the Suez Canal.
1956 – The Tangier Protocol is signed: The international city
Tangier is reintegrated into Morocco.
1957 – Israel's prime minister David Ben-Gurion and five of
his ministers are injured when a hand grenade is tossed into
Israel's parliament, the Knesset.
1960 – In Louisville, Kentucky, Cassius Clay (who later takes
the name Muhammad Ali) wins his first professional fight.
1961 – Syria exits from the United Arab Republic.
1964 – The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed
the United Republic of Tanzania.
1964 – A collection of irreplaceable gems, including the 565
carat (113 g) Star of India, is stolen by a group of thieves
(among them is "Murph the surf") from the American
Museum of Natural History in New York City.
1967 – London criminal Jack McVitie is murdered by the Kray
twins, leading to their eventual imprisonment and downfall.
1967 – Montreal's World Fair, Expo 67, closes with over 50 million
visitors.
1969 – The first-ever computer-to-computer link is established
on ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet.
1971 – In Macon, Georgia, guitarist Duane Allman is killed in
a motorcycle accident.
1980 – Demonstration flight of a secretly modified C-130 for
an Iran hostage crisis rescue attempt ends in crash landing
at Eglin Air Force Base's Duke Field, Florida leading to cancellation
of Operation Credible Sport.
1980 – Mark David Chapman, John Lennon's murderer, leaves for
New York from his home in Hawaii.
1983 – Over 500,000 people demonstrate against cruise missiles
in The Hague, Netherlands.
1985 – Major General Samuel K. Doe is announced the winner of
the first multi-party election in Liberia.
1986 – British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher opens the last
stretch of the M25 motorway.
1991 – The American Galileo spacecraft makes its closest approach
to 951 Gaspra, becoming the first probe to visit an asteroid.
1994 – Francisco Martin Duran fires over two dozen shots at
the White House (Duran is later convicted of trying to kill
US President Bill Clinton).
1998 – Apartheid: In South Africa, the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission presents its report, which condemns both sides for
committing atrocities.
1998 – Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off on STS-95 with 77-year
old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go
into space.
1998 – ATSC HDTV broadcasting in the United States is inaugurated
with the launch of STS-95 space shuttle mission.
1998 – While en route from Adana to Ankara, a Turkish Airlines
flight with a crew of 6 and 33 passengers is hijacked by a Kurdish
militant who orders the pilot to fly to Switzerland. The plane
instead lands in Ankara after the pilot tricked the hijacker
into thinking that he is landing in the Bulgarian capital of
Sofia to refuel.
1998 – Hurricane Mitch, the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane
in history, makes landfall in Honduras.
1998 – The Gothenburg nightclub fire in Sweden kills 63 and
injures 200.
1999 – A large cyclone devastates Orissa, India.
2002 – Ho Chi Minh City ITC Inferno, a fire destroys a luxurious
department store where 1500 people are shopping. Over 60 people
die and over 100 are unaccounted for. It is the deadliest disaster
in Vietnam during peacetime.
2004 – The Arabic news network Al Jazeera broadcasts an excerpt
from a video of Osama bin Laden in which the terrorist leader
first admits direct responsibility for the September 11, 2001
attacks and references the 2004 U.S. presidential election.
2004 – In Rome, European heads of state sign the Treaty and
Final Act establishing the first European Constitution which,
however, failed to be ratified by all signatory countries and
therefore never entered into force.
2005 – Bombings in Delhi kill more than 60.
2008 – Delta Air Lines merges with Northwest Airlines, creating
the world's largest airline and reducing the number of US legacy
carriers to 5.
Holidays
and observances
Christian
Feast Day:
Abraham of Rostov
Douai Martyrs
Gaetano Errico
James Hannington (Anglican Church)
Narcissus of Jerusalem (Roman Catholic Church)
October 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Coronation Day (Cambodia)
Republic Day or Cumhuriyet Bayramı (Turkey)
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