Afghanistan
Afghan Persian or Dari , Pashto,
Uzbek , English , Turkemen , Urdu
Pahayi , Nuvistami , Arabic, Balochi
Albania
Albanian , Greek , other
Algeria
Arabic, French, Berber or Tamazight
Andorra
Catalan, French, Castilian, Portuguese
Angola
Portuguese , Umbundu, Kikongo ,
Kimbundu , Chokwe , Nhaneca , Nganguela
, Fiote , Kwanhama , Muhumbi , Luvale
Antigua
and Barbuda
English, Antiguan creole
Argentina
Spanish, Italian, English, German,
French, Indigenous (Mapudungun,
Quechua)
Armenia
Armenian , Kurdish ; note: Russian
is widely spoken
Australia
English , Mandarin , Arabic , Cantonese
, Vietnamese , Italian , Greek other
unspecified
Austria
German , Turkish, Serbian , Croatian
, other
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani , Russian , Armenian,
other
Bahamas
English, Creole
Bahrain
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesh
Bengali
Barbados
English, Bajan Creole
Belarus
Russian, Belarusian
Belize
English, Spanish, Belize Creole,
Maya, German, Garifuna
Belgium
Dutch, French, German
Benin
French, Fon, Yoruba
Bhutan
Sharchhopka, Dzongkha
Bolivia
Spanish , Quechua, Aymara , foreign
languages , Guarani , other native
languages , none
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
Botswana
Setswana 77.3, Sekalanga 7.4, Shekgalagadi
, English 2.8, Zezuru/Shona 2, Sesarwa
1.7, Sembukushu 1.6, Ndebele 1,
other 2.8
Brazil
Portuguese
Brunei
Malay, English, Chinese
Bulgaria
Bulgarian 76.8, Turkish 8.2, Romani
3.8, other 0.7, unspecified 10.5
Burkina
Faso
French, native African languages
belonging to Sudanic family spoken
by 90 of population
Burundi
Kirundi 29.7, French 0.3, Swahili
0.2, English 1, Kirundi and French
8.4, Kirundi, French and English
2.4, other language combinations
2, unspecified 56.9
Cabo
Verde
Portuguese, Krioulo
Cambodia
Khmer 96.3, other 3.7
Cameroon
24 major African language groups,
English, French
Canada
English , French , Punjabi 1.4,
Italian 1.3, Spanish 1.3, German
1.3, Cantonese 1.2, Tagalog 1.2,
Arabic 1.1, other 10.5
Chile
Spanish 99.5, English 10.2, indigenous
1, other 2.3, unspecified 0.2; note:
shares sum to more than 100 because
some respondents gave more than
one answer on the census
China
Standard Chinese or Mandarin, Yue
(Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese),
Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese),
Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority
languages
Central
African Republic
French, Sangho, tribal languages
Chad
French , Arabic, Sara (in south),
more than 120 different languages
and dialects
Colombia
Spanish
Comoros
Arabic, French, Shikomoro (a blend
of Swahili and Arabic)
Congo
French, French Lingala, Monokutuba,
many local languages and dialects
(of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
Costa
Rica
Spanish, English
Croatia
Croatian , Serbian , other (including
Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian),
unspecified
Cuba
Spanish
Cyprus
Greek , Turkish, English , Romanian
, Russian , Bulgarian , Arabic ,
Filipino other , unspecified ; note:
data represent only the Republic
of Cyprus
Czech
Republic
Czech , Slovak , other
Democratic
Republic Of The Congo
French, Lingala (a lingua franca
trade language), Kingwana (a dialect
of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo,
Tshiluba
Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic, German;
note: English is the predominant
second language
Djibouti
French, Arabic, Somali, Afar
Dominica
English, French patois
Dominican
Republic
Spanish
Ecuador
Spanish (Castilian) , Quechua ,
other indigenous , foreign
Egypt
Arabic, English, and French widely
understood by educated classes
El
Salvador
Spanish, Nawat
Equatorial
Guinea
Spanish, other (includes Fang, Bubi,
Portugese, French)
Eritrea
Trigrinya, Arabic, English, Tigre,
Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages
Estonia
Estonian, Russian , Ukrainian, other
Eswatini
English (used for government business),
siSwati
Ethiopia
Oromo , Amharic Somali , Tigrigna
(Tigrinya) , Sidamo, Wolaytta ,
Gurage , Afar , Hadiyya , Gamo ,
Gedeo , Opuuo , Kafa , other , English
(major foreign language taught in
schools), Arabic
Fiji
English, Fijian, Hindustani
Finland
Finnish , Swedish , Russian , other
France
French
Gabon
French, Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira,
Bandjabi
Gambia
English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula,
other indigenous vernaculars
Georgia
Georgian , Azeri, Armenian , Russian
, other
Germany
German
Ghana
Asante , Ewe, Fante , Boron (Brong)
, Dagomba , Dangme , Dagarte (Dagaba)
, Kokomba , Akyem , Ga , other ;
note: English is the official language
Greece
Greek , other (includes English
and French)
Grenada
English, French patois
Guatemala
Spanish , Maya languages , other
(includes Xinca and Garifuna)
Guinea
French, Pular, Maninka, Susu, other
native languages; note: about 40
languages are spoken; each ethnic
group has its own language
Guinea-Bissau
Crioulo (lingua franca), Portuguese;
largely used as a second or third
language), Pular (a Fula language),
Mandingo
Guyana
English, Guyanese Creole, Amerindian
languages (including Caribbean and
Arawak languages), Indian languages
(including Caribbean Hindustani,
a dialect of Hindi), Chinese
Haiti
French, Creole
Honduras
Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong
Kong
Cantonese
, English, Mandarin , other Chinese
dialects , other
Hungary
Hungarian , English , German , Russian
, Romanian , French , other; note:
shares sum to more than 100 because
some respondents gave more than
one answer on the census; Hungarian
is the mother tongue of almost all
Hungarian speakers
Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages,
German
Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (modified form
of Malay), English, Dutch, local
dialects (of which the most widely
spoken is Javanese); note: more
than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
Iran
Persian Farsi, Azeri and other Turkic
dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and
Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic
Iraq
Arabic, Kurdish, Turkmen (a Turkish
dialect), Syriac (Neo-Aramaic),
and Armenian are official in areas
where native speakers of these languages
constitute a majority of the population
Ireland
English (the language generally
used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge)
Israel
Hebrew, Arabic, English (most commonly
used foreign language)
Italy
Italian, German (parts of Trentino-Alto
Adige region are predominantly German
speaking), French (small French-speaking
minority in Valle d'Aosta region),
Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority
in the TriesteGorizia area)
Ivory
Coast
French, 60 native dialects of which
Dioula is the most widely spoken
Jamaica
English, English patois
Japan
Japanese
Jordan
Arabic, English (widely understood
among upper and middle classes)
Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq) 83.1, and trilingual
(Kazakh, Russian, English) 22.3,
Russian (used in everyday business,
designated the "language of
interethnic communication")
94.4
Kenya
English, Kiswahili, numerous indigenous
languages
Kiribati
I-Kiribati, English
Kuwait
Arabic, English widely spoken
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz (official) , Uzbek , Russian
(official), other
Laos
Lao, French, English, various ethnic
languages
Latvia
Latvian (official) , Russian , other
(includes Polish, Ukrainian, and
Belarusian), unspecified
Lebanon
Arabic, French, English, Armenian
Lesotho
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English,
Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia
English 20, some 20 ethnic group
languages few of which can be written
or used in correspondence
Libya
Arabic, Italian, English (all widely
understood in the major cities);
Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah,
Awjilah, Tamasheq)
Liechtenstein
German (Alemannic is the main dialect),
Italian, Turkish, Portuguese, other
Lithuania
Lithuanian , Russian , Polish ,
other , unspecified
Luxembourg
Luxembourgish (official administrative
and judicial language and national
language - spoken vernacular) ,
Portuguese, French (official administrative,
judicial, and legislative language)
, German (official administrative
and judicial language) , Italian
, English , other
Macau
Cantonese , Mandarin , other Chinese
dialects , Tagalog, English , Portuguese
, other
Madagascar
French, Malagasy, English
Malawi
English, Chichewa (common), Chinyanja,
Chiyao, Chitumbuka, Chilomwe, Chinkhonde,
Chingoni, Chisena, Chitonga, Chinyakyusa,
Chilambya
Malaysia
Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese
(Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka,
Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu,
Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note:
Malaysia has 134 living languages
- 112 indigenous languages and 22
nonindigenous languages; in East
Malaysia, there are several indigenous
languages; the most widely spoken
are Iban and Kadazan
Maldives
Dhivehi, English
Mali
French, Bambara , Peul/Foulfoulbe
, Dogon, Maraka/Soninke , Malinke
, Sonrhai/Djerma , Minianka, Tamacheq
, Senoufo , Bobo , unspecified ,
other ;
note: Mali has 13 national languages
in addition to its official language
(French)
Malta
Maltese , English , multilingual
, other
Marshall
Islands
Marshallese , other languages ;
note: English, widely spoken as
a second language
Mauritania
Arabic (national), Pular, Soninke,
Wolof (all national languages),
French; note: the spoken Arabic
in Mauritania differs considerably
from the modern standard Arabic
used for official written purposes
or in the media; the Mauritanian
dialect, which incorporates many
Berber words, is referred to as
Hassaniya
Mauritius
Creole 8, Bhojpuri 5.3, French 4.1,
two languages 1.4, other 2.6 (includes
English, the official language of
the National Assembly, which is
spoken by less than 1 of the population),
unspecified 0.1
Mexico
Spanish only 92.7, Spanish and indigenous
languages 5.7, indigenous only 0.8,
unspecified 0.8
Micronesia
English (official and common language),
Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese,
Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Monaco
French, English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia
Mongolian (Khalkha dialect is predominant),
Turkic, Russian
Montenegro
Serbian, Montenegrin (official),
Bosnian, Albanian , Serbo-Croat
, other , unspecified
Morocco
Arabic, Berber languages (Tamazight,
Tachelhit, Tarifit), French
Mozambique
Emakhuwa 26.1, Portuguese (official)
16.6, Xichangana 8.6, Cinyanja 8.1,
Cisena 7.1, Elomwe 7.1, Echuwabo
4.7, Cindau 3.8, Xitswa 3.8, other
Mozambican languages 11.8, other
0.5, unspecified 1.8
Myanmar
Burmese; note: minority ethnic groups
use their own languagess
Namibia
Oshiwambo languages 49.7, Nama/Damara
11, Kavango languages 10.4, Afrikaans
9.4 (common language of most of
the population), Herero languages
9.2, Zambezi languages 4.9, English
2.3, other African languages 1.5,
other European languages .7, other
1; note: Namibia has 13 recognized
national languages, including 10
indigenous African languages and
3 Indo-European languages
Nauru
Nauruan 93 (official, a distinct
Pacific Island language), English
2 (widely understood, spoken, and
used for most government and commercial
purposes), other 5 (includes I-Kiribati
2 and Chinese 2) (2011 est.)
note: data represent main language
spoken at home; Nauruan is spoken
by 95 of the population, English
by 66, and other languages by 12
Nepal
Nepali, Maithali , Bhojpuri, Tharu,
Tamang , Newar , Magar , Bajjika
Urdu , Avadhi , Limbu , Gurung ,
other
Netherlands
Dutch
New
Zealand
English
Nicaragua
Spanish , Miskito, Mestizo of the
Caribbean coast , other ; note:
English and indigenous languages
found on the Caribbean coast
Niger
French, Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria
English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo),
Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous
languages
North
Korea
Korean
North
Macedonia
Macedonian (official) , Albanian
, Turkish , Romani, Serbian, other
(includes Aromanian (Vlach) and
Bosnian)
Norway
Bokmal Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian,
small Sami- and Finnishspeaking
minorities
Oman
Arabic, English, Baluchi, Urdu,
Indian dialects
Pakistan
Punjabi 48, Sindhi 12, Saraiki (a
Punjabi variant) 10, Pashto (alternate
name, Pashtu) 8, Urdu 8, Balochi
3, Hindko 2, Brahui 1, English (lingua
franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski,
and other 8
Palau
Palauan (official on most islands)
65.2, other Micronesian 1.9, English
(official) 19.1, Filipino 9.9, Chinese
1.2, other 2.8
Palestine
(Not a UN member country but is
a State)
Palestinian law is the law administered
by the Palestinian National Authority
within the territory pursuant to
the Oslo Accords
Panama
Spanish, indigenous languages, Panamanian
English Creole, English
Papua
New Guinea
Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu, some
839 indigenous languages spoken
(about 12 of the world's total);
many languages have fewer than 1,000
speakers
Paraguay
Spanish (official) and Guarani (official)
46.3, only Guarani 34, only Spanish
15.2, other (includes Portuguese,
German, other indigenous languages)
4.1 , no response .4
Peru
Spanish , Quechua , Aymara , Ashaninka
, other
Philippines
Filipino (based on Tagalog) and
English; eight major dialects -
Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon
or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango,
and Pangasinan
Poland
Polish
Portugal
Portuguese, Mirandese
Qatar
Arabic, English commonly used as
a second language
Republic
of Moldova
Moldovan/Romanian (official) , Russian
, Gagauz (a Turkish language), Ukrainian
, Bulgarian , Romani , other
Romania
Romanian (official) , Hungarian
, Romani , other, unspecified
Russian
Federation
Russian , Tatar , Chechen, other
Rwanda
Kinyarwanda (official, universal
Bantu vernacular) , French (official),
English (official) , Swahili/Kiswahili
(official, used in commercial centers)
, other
Saint
Kitts and Nevis
English (official)
Saint Lucia
English, French patois
Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines
English, Vincentian Creole English,
French patois
Samoa
Samoan (Polynesian) (official) ,
Somoan/English, English (official)
, others
San
Marino
Italian
São
Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese (official), Forro , Cabo
Verdian , French , Angolar , English
, Lunguie , other (including sign
language)
Saudi
Arabia
Arabic
Senegal
French (official), Wolof, Pular,
Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke
Serbia
Serbian (official), Hungarian ,
Bosnian, Romani, other, undeclared
or unknown
Seychelles
Seychellois Creole (official), English
(official) , French (official) ,
others
Sierra
Leone
English (official, regular use limited
to literate minority), Mende
(principal vernacular in the south),
Temne (principal vernacular in the
north), Krio (English-based Creole,
spoken by the descendants of freed
Jamaican slaves who were settled
in the Freetown area, a lingua franca
and a first language for 10 of the
population but understood by 95)
Singapore
English , Mandarin , other Chinese
dialects , Malay , Tamil , others
Slovakia
Slovak (official) , Hungarian ,
Roma , Ruthenian , other or unspecified
Slovenia
Slovenian (official) , Serbo-Croatian
, other or unspecified , Italian
(official, only in municipalities
where Italian national communities
reside), Hungarian (official, only
in municipalities where Hungarian
national communities reside)
Solomon
Islands
Melanesian pidgin is the lingua
franca in much of the country, English
(official but spoken by only 1-2
of the population), 120 indigenous
languages
Somalia
Somali, Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa
IsiZulu 24.7, IsiXhosa 15.6, Afrikaans
12.1, Sepedi 9.8, Setswana 8.9,
English 8.4, Sesotho 8, Xitsonga
4, siSwati 2.6, Tshivenda 2.5, isiNdebele
1.6, other (includes Khoi, Nama,
and San languages) 1.9
South Korea
Korean, English (widely taught in
elementary, junior high, and high
school)
South
Sudan
English, Arabic (includes Juba and
Sudanese variants), regional languages
include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande,
Shilluk
Spain
Castilian Spanish , Catalan , Galician
, Basque
Sri
Lanka
Sinhala, Tamil , English
Sudan
Arabic, English, Nubian, Ta Bedawie,
Fur
Suriname
Dutch (official), English (widely
spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese,
sometimes called Taki-Taki, is the
native language of Creoles and much
of the younger population and is
the lingua franca among others),
Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect
of Hindi), Javanese
Sweden
Swedish; note: Finnish, Sami, Romani,
Yiddish, and Meankieli are official
minority languages
Switzerland
German (or Swiss German) , French
, Italian , English , Portuguese
, Albanian , Serbo-Croatian , Spanish
, Romansh , other
Syrian
Arab Republic
Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic,
Circassian, French, English
Tajikistan
Tajik (official) 84.4, Uzbek 11.9,
Kyrgyz .8, Russian .5, other 2.4;
note: Russian widely used in government
and business
Tanzania
Kiswahili or Swahili, Kiunguja (name
for Swahili in Zanzibar), English
(primary language of commerce, administration,
and higher education), Arabic (widely
spoken in Zanzibar), many local
languages; note: Kiswahili (Swahili)
is the mother tongue of the Bantu
people living in Zanzibar and nearby
coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili
is Bantu in structure and origin,
its vocabulary draws on a variety
of sources including Arabic and
English; it has become the lingua
franca of central and eastern Africa;
the
first language of most people is
one of the local languages
Thailand
Thai only 90.7, Thai and other languages
6.4, only other languages (includes
Malay, Burmese); note: data represent
population by language(s) spoken
at home; English is a secondary
language of the elite
Timor
Leste
Tetun Prasa 30.6, Mambai 16.6, Makasai
10.5, Tetun Terik 6.1, Baikenu 5.9,
Kemak 5.8, Bunak 5.5, Tokodede 4,
Fataluku 3.5, Waima'a 1.8, Galoli
1.4, Naueti 1.4, Idate 1.2, Midiki
1.2, other 4.5 ; note: data represent
population by mother tongue; Tetun
and Portuguese are official languages;
Indonesian and English are working
languages; there are about 32 indigenous
languages
Togo
French (official, the language of
commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two
major African languages in the south),
Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye)
and Dagomba (the two major African
languages in the north)
Tonga
Tongan and English 76.8, Tongan,
English, and other language 10.6,
Tongan only 8.7, English only 0.7,
other 1.7, none 2.2
Trinidad
and Tobago
English, Trinidadian Creole English,
Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean
Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi),
Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish,
Chinese
Tunisia
Arabic, French (commerce), Berber
(Tamazight); note: despite having
no official status, French plays
a major role in the country and
is spoken by about two thirds of
the population
Turkey
Turkish, Kurdish, other minority
languages
Turkmenistan
Turkmen (official) , Russian , Uzbek
, others
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan (official), English (official),
Samoan, Kiribati (on the island
of Nui)
Uganda
English (official language, taught
in schools, used in courts of law
and by most newspapers and some
radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda
(most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages and the language used
most often in the capital), other
Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan
languages, Swahili (official), Arabic
Ukraine
Ukrainian (official), Russian (regional
language), other (includes small
Crimean Tatar, Moldovan/Romanian,
and Hungarianspeaking minorities)
United
Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), English, Hindi,
Malayam, Urdu, Pashto, Tagalog,
Persian
United
Kingdom
English, Scottish Gaelic (about
60,000 in Scotland), Welsh , Irish
, Cornish
Uruguay
Spanish
United
States
English , Spanish , Chinese, others;
Hawaiian, indigenous languages
Uzbekistan
Uzbek (official) , Russian, Tajik
, other
Vanuatu
Local languages (more than 100)
, Bislama (official; creole) , English
(official), French (official) ,
other ,
Vatican
City (Non UN Member country)
Italian, Latin, French, various
other languages
Venezuela
Spanish, numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam
Vietnamese, English (increasingly
favored as a second language), some
French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain-area
languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Yemen
Arabic
Zambia
Bemba , Nyanja, Tonga, Lozi , Chewa,
Nsenga , Tumbuka , Lunda (North
Western) , Kaonde , Lala , Lamba
, English , Luvale , Mambwe , Namwanga
, Lenje , Bisa , other , unspecified
Zimbabwe
Shona (official; most widely spoken),
Ndebele (official, second most widely
spoken), English (official; traditionally
used for official business), 13
minority languages (official; includes
Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan,
Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language,
Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and
Xhosa)
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