Afghanistan
Afghan Persian or Dari , Pashto, Uzbek ,
English , Turkemen , Urdu Pahayi , Nuvistami
, Arabic, Balochi ; note: shares sum to
more than 100 because there is much bilingualism
in the country and because respondents were
allowed to select more than one language
Albania
Albanian , Greek , other
Algeria
Arabic, French, Berber or Tamazight
Andorra
Catalan, French, Castilian, Portuguese
Angola
Portuguese , Umbundu, Kikongo , Kimbundu
, Chokwe , Nhaneca , Nganguela
3.1, Fiote 2.4, Kwanhama 2.3, Muhumbi
2.1, Luvale 1, other 3.6
Antigua
and Barbuda
English, Antiguan creole
Argentina
Spanish, Italian, English, German, French,
Indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)
Armenia
Armenian 97.9, Kurdish 1, other 1; note:
Russian is widely spoken
Australia
English , Mandarin , Arabic , Cantonese
, Vietnamese , Italian , Greek other unspecified
Austria
German , Turkish, Serbian , Croatian , other
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani , Russian , Armenian, other
Bahamas
English, Creole
Bahrain
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesh
Bengali
Barbados
English, Bajan Creole
Belarus
Russian, Belarusian
Belize
English, Spanish, Belize Creole, Maya, German,
Garifuna
Belgium
Dutch, French, German
Benin
French, Fon, Yoruba
Bhutan
Sharchhopka, Dzongkha
Bolivia
Spanish , Quechua, Aymara , foreign languages
, Guarani , other native languages , none
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
Botswana
Setswana 77.3, Sekalanga 7.4, Shekgalagadi
, English 2.8, Zezuru/Shona 2, Sesarwa
1.7, Sembukushu 1.6, Ndebele 1, other
2.8
Brazil
Portuguese
Brunei
Malay, English, Chinese
Bulgaria
Bulgarian 76.8, Turkish 8.2, Romani 3.8,
other 0.7, unspecified 10.5
Burkina Faso
French, native African languages belonging
to Sudanic family spoken by 90 of population
Burundi
Kirundi 29.7, French 0.3, Swahili 0.2,
English 1, Kirundi and French 8.4, Kirundi,
French and English 2.4, other language
combinations 2, unspecified 56.9
Cabo
Verde
Portuguese, Krioulo
Cambodia
Khmer 96.3, other 3.7
Cameroon
24 major African language groups, English,
French
Canada
English , French , Punjabi 1.4, Italian
1.3, Spanish 1.3, German 1.3, Cantonese
1.2, Tagalog 1.2, Arabic 1.1, other 10.5
Chile
Spanish 99.5, English 10.2, indigenous
1, other 2.3, unspecified 0.2; note:
shares sum to more than 100 because some
respondents gave more than one answer on
the census
China
Standard Chinese or Mandarin, Yue (Cantonese),
Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan
(Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects,
minority languages
Central African
Republic
French, Sangho, tribal languages
Chad
French , Arabic, Sara (in south), more than
120 different languages and dialects
Colombia
Spanish
Comoros
Arabic, French, Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili
and Arabic)
Congo
French, French Lingala, Monokutuba, many
local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo
is the most widespread)
Costa
Rica
Spanish, English
Croatia
Croatian , Serbian , other (including Hungarian,
Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified
Cuba
Spanish
Cyprus
Greek , Turkish, English , Romanian , Russian
, Bulgarian , Arabic , Filipino other ,
unspecified ; note: data represent only
the Republic of Cyprus
Czech
Republic
Czech , Slovak , other
Democratic Republic
Of The Congo
French, Lingala (a lingua franca trade language),
Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili),
Kikongo, Tshiluba
Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic, German; note:
English is the predominant second language
Djibouti
French, Arabic, Somali, Afar
Dominica
English, French patois
Dominican Republic
Spanish
Ecuador
Spanish (Castilian) , Quechua , other indigenous
, foreign
Egypt
Arabic, English, and French widely understood
by educated classes
El
Salvador
Spanish, Nawat
Equatorial
Guinea
Spanish, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portugese,
French)
Eritrea
Trigrinya, Arabic, English, Tigre, Kunama,
Afar, other Cushitic languages
Estonia
Estonian, Russian , Ukrainian, other
Eswatini
English (used for government business),
siSwati
Ethiopia
Oromo , Amharic Somali , Tigrigna (Tigrinya)
, Sidamo, Wolaytta , Gurage , Afar , Hadiyya
, Gamo , Gedeo , Opuuo , Kafa , other ,
English (major foreign language taught in
schools), Arabic
Fiji
English, Fijian, Hindustani
Finland
Finnish , Swedish , Russian , other
France
French
Gabon
French, Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira,
Bandjabi
Gambia
English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous
vernaculars
Georgia
Georgian , Azeri, Armenian , Russian , other
Germany
German
Ghana
Asante , Ewe, Fante , Boron (Brong) , Dagomba
, Dangme , Dagarte (Dagaba) , Kokomba ,
Akyem , Ga , other ; note: English is the
official language
Greece
Greek , other (includes English and French)
Grenada
English, French patois
Guatemala
Spanish , Maya languages , other (includes
Xinca and Garifuna)
Guinea
French, Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native
languages; note: about 40 languages are
spoken; each ethnic group has its own language
Guinea-Bissau
Crioulo (lingua franca), Portuguese; largely
used as a second or third language), Pular
(a Fula language), Mandingo
Guyana
English, Guyanese Creole, Amerindian languages
(including Caribbean and Arawak languages),
Indian languages (including Caribbean Hindustani,
a dialect of Hindi), Chinese
Haiti
French, Creole
Honduras
Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong
Kong
Cantonese
, English, Mandarin , other Chinese dialects
, other
Hungary
Hungarian , English , German , Russian
, Romanian , French , other; note: shares
sum to more than 100 because some respondents
gave more than one answer on the census;
Hungarian is the mother tongue of almost
all Hungarian speakers
Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German
Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay),
English, Dutch, local dialects (of which
the most widely spoken is Javanese); note:
more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
Iran
Persian Farsi, Azeri and other Turkic dialects,
Kurdish, Gilaki and
Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic
Iraq
Arabic, Kurdish, Turkmen (a Turkish dialect),
Syriac (Neo-Aramaic), and Armenian are official
in areas where native speakers of these
languages constitute a majority of the population
Ireland
English (the language generally used), Irish
(Gaelic or Gaeilge)
Israel
Hebrew, Arabic, English (most commonly used
foreign language)
Italy
Italian, German (parts of Trentino-Alto
Adige region are predominantly German speaking),
French (small French-speaking minority in
Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking
minority in the TriesteGorizia area)
Ivory
Coast
French, 60 native dialects of which Dioula
is the most widely spoken
Jamaica
English, English patois
Japan
Japanese
Jordan
Arabic, English (widely understood among
upper and middle classes)
Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq) 83.1, and trilingual (Kazakh,
Russian, English) 22.3, Russian (used in
everyday business, designated the "language
of interethnic communication") 94.4
Kenya
English, Kiswahili, numerous indigenous
languages
Kiribati
I-Kiribati, English
Kuwait
Arabic, English widely spoken
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz (official) , Uzbek , Russian (official),
other
Laos
Lao, French, English, various ethnic languages
Latvia
Latvian (official) , Russian , other (includes
Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified
Lebanon
Arabic, French, English, Armenian
Lesotho
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English, Zulu,
Xhosa
Liberia
English 20, some 20 ethnic group languages
few of which can be written or used in correspondence
Libya
Arabic, Italian, English (all widely understood
in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis,
Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)
Liechtenstein
German (Alemannic is the main dialect),
Italian, Turkish, Portuguese, other
Lithuania
Lithuanian , Russian , Polish , other ,
unspecified
Luxembourg
Luxembourgish (official administrative and
judicial language and national language
- spoken vernacular) , Portuguese, French
(official administrative, judicial, and
legislative language) , German (official
administrative and judicial language) ,
Italian , English , other
Macau
Cantonese , Mandarin , other Chinese dialects
, Tagalog, English , Portuguese , other
Madagascar
French, Malagasy, English
Malawi
English, Chichewa (common), Chinyanja, Chiyao,
Chitumbuka, Chilomwe, Chinkhonde, Chingoni,
Chisena, Chitonga, Chinyakyusa, Chilambya
Malaysia
Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese (Cantonese,
Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow),
Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai;
note: Malaysia has 134 living languages
- 112 indigenous languages and 22 nonindigenous
languages; in East Malaysia, there are several
indigenous languages; the most widely spoken
are Iban and Kadazan
Maldives
Dhivehi, English
Mali
French, Bambara , Peul/Foulfoulbe , Dogon,
Maraka/Soninke , Malinke , Sonrhai/Djerma
, Minianka, Tamacheq , Senoufo , Bobo ,
unspecified , other ;
note: Mali has 13 national languages in
addition to its official language (French)
Malta
Maltese , English , multilingual , other
Marshall
Islands
Marshallese , other languages ; note: English,
widely spoken as a second language
Mauritania
Arabic (national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof
(all national languages), French; note:
the spoken Arabic in Mauritania differs
considerably from the modern standard Arabic
used for official written purposes or in
the media; the Mauritanian dialect, which
incorporates many Berber words, is referred
to as Hassaniya
Mauritius
Creole 8, Bhojpuri 5.3, French 4.1,
two languages 1.4, other 2.6 (includes
English, the official language of the National
Assembly, which is spoken by less than 1
of the population), unspecified 0.1
Mexico
Spanish only 92.7, Spanish and indigenous
languages 5.7, indigenous only 0.8, unspecified
0.8
Micronesia
English (official and common language),
Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian,
Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Monaco
French, English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia
Mongolian (Khalkha dialect is predominant),
Turkic, Russian
Montenegro
Serbian, Montenegrin (official), Bosnian,
Albanian , Serbo-Croat , other , unspecified
Morocco
Arabic, Berber languages (Tamazight, Tachelhit,
Tarifit), French
Mozambique
Emakhuwa 26.1, Portuguese (official) 16.6,
Xichangana 8.6, Cinyanja 8.1, Cisena 7.1,
Elomwe 7.1, Echuwabo 4.7, Cindau 3.8,
Xitswa 3.8, other Mozambican languages
11.8, other 0.5, unspecified 1.8
Myanmar
Burmese; note: minority ethnic groups use
their own languagess
Namibia
Oshiwambo languages 49.7, Nama/Damara 11,
Kavango languages 10.4, Afrikaans 9.4
(common language of most of the population),
Herero languages 9.2, Zambezi languages
4.9, English 2.3, other African languages
1.5, other European languages .7, other
1; note: Namibia has 13 recognized national
languages, including 10 indigenous African
languages and 3 Indo-European languages
Nauru
Nauruan 93 (official, a distinct Pacific
Island language), English 2 (widely understood,
spoken, and used for most government and
commercial purposes), other 5 (includes
I-Kiribati 2 and Chinese 2) (2011 est.)
note: data represent main language spoken
at home; Nauruan is spoken by 95 of the
population, English by 66, and other languages
by 12
Nepal
Nepali, Maithali , Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang
, Newar , Magar , Bajjika Urdu , Avadhi
, Limbu , Gurung , other
Netherlands
Dutch
New
Zealand
English
Nicaragua
Spanish , Miskito, Mestizo of the Caribbean
coast , other ; note: English and indigenous
languages found on the Caribbean coast
Niger
French, Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria
English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani,
over 500 additional indigenous languages
North
Korea
Korean
North
Macedonia
Macedonian (official) , Albanian , Turkish
, Romani, Serbian, other (includes Aromanian
(Vlach) and Bosnian)
Norway
Bokmal Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian, small
Sami- and Finnishspeaking minorities
Oman
Arabic, English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan
Punjabi 48, Sindhi 12, Saraiki (a Punjabi
variant) 10, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu)
8, Urdu 8, Balochi 3, Hindko 2, Brahui
1, English (lingua franca of Pakistani
elite and most government ministries), Burushaski,
and other 8
Palau
Palauan (official on most islands) 65.2,
other Micronesian 1.9, English (official)
19.1, Filipino 9.9, Chinese 1.2, other
2.8
Palestine
(Not a UN member country but is a State)
Palestinian law is the law administered
by the Palestinian National Authority within
the territory pursuant to the Oslo Accords
Panama
Spanish, indigenous languages, Panamanian
English Creole, English
Papua
New Guinea
Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu, some 839
indigenous languages spoken (about 12 of
the world's total); many languages have
fewer than 1,000 speakers
Paraguay
Spanish (official) and Guarani (official)
46.3, only Guarani 34, only Spanish 15.2,
other (includes Portuguese, German, other
indigenous languages) 4.1 , no response
.4
Peru
Spanish , Quechua , Aymara , Ashaninka ,
other
Philippines
Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English;
eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano,
Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray,
Pampango, and Pangasinan
Poland
Polish
Portugal
Portuguese, Mirandese
Qatar
Arabic, English commonly used as a second
language
Republic
of Moldova
Moldovan/Romanian (official) , Russian ,
Gagauz (a Turkish language), Ukrainian ,
Bulgarian , Romani , other
Romania
Romanian (official) , Hungarian , Romani
, other, unspecified
Russian Federation
Russian , Tatar , Chechen, other
Rwanda
Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular)
, French (official), English (official)
, Swahili/Kiswahili (official, used in commercial
centers) , other
Saint
Kitts and Nevis
English (official)
Saint Lucia
English, French patois
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
English, Vincentian Creole English, French
patois
Samoa
Samoan (Polynesian) (official) , Somoan/English,
English (official) , others
San
Marino
Italian
São
Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese (official), Forro , Cabo Verdian
, French , Angolar , English , Lunguie ,
other (including sign language)
Saudi
Arabia
Arabic
Senegal
French (official), Wolof, Pular, Jola, Mandinka,
Serer, Soninke
Serbia
Serbian (official), Hungarian , Bosnian,
Romani, other, undeclared or unknown
Seychelles
Seychellois Creole (official), English (official)
, French (official) , others
Sierra Leone
English (official, regular use limited to
literate minority), Mende
(principal vernacular in the south), Temne
(principal vernacular in the north), Krio
(English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants
of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled
in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and
a first language for 10 of the population
but understood by 95)
Singapore
English , Mandarin , other Chinese dialects
, Malay , Tamil , others
Slovakia
Slovak (official) , Hungarian , Roma , Ruthenian
, other or unspecified
Slovenia
Slovenian (official) , Serbo-Croatian ,
other or unspecified , Italian (official,
only in municipalities where Italian national
communities reside), Hungarian (official,
only in municipalities where Hungarian national
communities reside)
Solomon
Islands
Melanesian pidgin is the lingua franca in
much of the country, English (official but
spoken by only 1-2 of the population),
120 indigenous languages
Somalia
Somali, Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa
IsiZulu 24.7, IsiXhosa 15.6, Afrikaans
12.1, Sepedi 9.8, Setswana 8.9, English
8.4, Sesotho 8, Xitsonga 4, siSwati 2.6,
Tshivenda 2.5, isiNdebele 1.6, other (includes
Khoi, Nama, and San languages) 1.9
South Korea
Korean, English (widely taught in elementary,
junior high, and high
school)
South
Sudan
English, Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese
variants), regional languages include Dinka,
Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk
Spain
Castilian Spanish , Catalan , Galician ,
Basque
Sri
Lanka
Sinhala, Tamil , English
Sudan
Arabic, English, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur
Suriname
Dutch (official), English (widely spoken),
Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called
Taki-Taki, is the native language of Creoles
and much of the younger population and is
the lingua franca among others), Caribbean
Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Sweden
Swedish; note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish,
and Meankieli are official minority languages
Switzerland
German (or Swiss German) , French , Italian
, English , Portuguese , Albanian , Serbo-Croatian
, Spanish , Romansh , other
Syrian
Arab Republic
Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian,
French, English
Tajikistan
Tajik (official) 84.4, Uzbek 11.9, Kyrgyz
.8, Russian .5, other 2.4; note: Russian
widely used in government and business
Tanzania
Kiswahili or Swahili, Kiunguja (name for
Swahili in Zanzibar), English (primary language
of commerce, administration, and higher
education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar),
many local languages; note: Kiswahili (Swahili)
is the mother tongue of the Bantu people
living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania;
although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure
and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety
of sources including Arabic and English;
it has become the lingua franca of central
and eastern Africa; the
first language of most people is one of
the local languages
Thailand
Thai only 90.7, Thai and other languages
6.4, only other languages (includes Malay,
Burmese); note: data represent population
by language(s) spoken at home; English is
a secondary language of the elite
Timor
Leste
Tetun Prasa 30.6, Mambai 16.6, Makasai
10.5, Tetun Terik 6.1, Baikenu 5.9, Kemak
5.8, Bunak 5.5, Tokodede 4, Fataluku
3.5, Waima'a 1.8, Galoli 1.4, Naueti
1.4, Idate 1.2, Midiki 1.2, other 4.5
; note: data represent population by mother
tongue; Tetun and Portuguese are official
languages; Indonesian and English are working
languages; there are about 32 indigenous
languages
Togo
French (official, the language of commerce),
Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages
in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled
Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African
languages in the north)
Tonga
Tongan and English 76.8, Tongan, English,
and other language 10.6, Tongan only 8.7,
English only 0.7, other 1.7, none 2.2
Trinidad
and Tobago
English, Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian
Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a
dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French,
Spanish, Chinese
Tunisia
Arabic, French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight);
note: despite having no official status,
French plays a major role in the country
and is spoken by about two thirds of the
population
Turkey
Turkish, Kurdish, other minority languages
Turkmenistan
Turkmen (official) , Russian , Uzbek , others
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan (official), English (official),
Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Uganda
English (official language, taught in schools,
used in courts of law and by most newspapers
and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda
(most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages
and the language used most often in the
capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan
languages, Swahili (official), Arabic
Ukraine
Ukrainian (official), Russian (regional
language), other (includes small Crimean
Tatar, Moldovan/Romanian, and Hungarianspeaking
minorities)
United
Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), English, Hindi, Malayam,
Urdu, Pashto, Tagalog, Persian
United
Kingdom
English, Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 in
Scotland), Welsh , Irish , Cornish
Uruguay
Spanish
United States
English , Spanish , Chinese, others; Hawaiian,
indigenous languages
Uzbekistan
Uzbek (official) , Russian, Tajik , other
Vanuatu
Local languages (more than 100) , Bislama
(official; creole) , English (official),
French (official) , other ,
Vatican
City (Non UN Member country)
Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Venezuela
Spanish, numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam
Vietnamese, English (increasingly favored
as a second language), some French, Chinese,
and Khmer, mountain-area languages (Mon-Khmer
and Malayo-Polynesian)
Yemen
Arabic
Zambia
Bemba , Nyanja, Tonga, Lozi , Chewa, Nsenga
, Tumbuka , Lunda (North Western) , Kaonde
, Lala , Lamba , English , Luvale , Mambwe
, Namwanga , Lenje , Bisa , other , unspecified
Zimbabwe
Shona (official; most widely spoken), Ndebele
(official, second most widely spoken), English
(official; traditionally used for official
business), 13 minority languages (official;
includes Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan,
Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language, Sotho,
Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa)
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