Afghanistan
Afghan Persian or Dari , Pashto, Uzbek , English , Turkemen , Urdu Pahayi , Nuvistami , Arabic, Balochi ; note: shares sum to more than 100 because there is much bilingualism in the country and because respondents were allowed to select more than one language

Albania
Albanian , Greek , other

Algeria
Arabic, French, Berber or Tamazight

Andorra
Catalan, French, Castilian, Portuguese

Angola
Portuguese , Umbundu, Kikongo , Kimbundu , Chokwe , Nhaneca , Nganguela 3.1, Fiote 2.4, Kwanhama 2.3, Muhumbi 2.1, Luvale 1, other 3.6

Antigua and Barbuda
English, Antiguan creole

Argentina
Spanish, Italian, English, German, French, Indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)

Armenia
Armenian 97.9, Kurdish 1, other 1; note: Russian is widely spoken

Australia
English , Mandarin , Arabic , Cantonese , Vietnamese , Italian , Greek other unspecified

Austria
German , Turkish, Serbian , Croatian , other

Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani , Russian , Armenian, other

Bahamas
English, Creole

Bahrain
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

Bangladesh
Bengali

Barbados
English, Bajan Creole

Belarus
Russian, Belarusian

Belize
English, Spanish, Belize Creole, Maya, German, Garifuna

Belgium
Dutch, French, German

Benin
French, Fon, Yoruba

Bhutan
Sharchhopka, Dzongkha

Bolivia
Spanish , Quechua, Aymara , foreign languages , Guarani , other native languages , none

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian

Botswana
Setswana 77.3, Sekalanga 7.4, Shekgalagadi , English 2.8, Zezuru/Shona 2, Sesarwa 1.7, Sembukushu 1.6, Ndebele 1, other 2.8

Brazil
Portuguese

Brunei
Malay, English, Chinese

Bulgaria
Bulgarian 76.8, Turkish 8.2, Romani 3.8, other 0.7, unspecified 10.5


Burkina Faso
French, native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90 of population

Burundi
Kirundi 29.7, French 0.3, Swahili 0.2, English 1, Kirundi and French 8.4, Kirundi, French and English 2.4, other language combinations 2, unspecified 56.9

Cabo Verde
Portuguese, Krioulo

Cambodia
Khmer 96.3, other 3.7

Cameroon
24 major African language groups, English, French

Canada
English , French , Punjabi 1.4, Italian 1.3, Spanish 1.3, German 1.3, Cantonese 1.2, Tagalog 1.2, Arabic 1.1, other 10.5

Chile
Spanish 99.5, English 10.2, indigenous 1, other 2.3, unspecified 0.2; note: shares sum to more than 100 because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

China
Standard Chinese or Mandarin, Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages

Central African Republic
French, Sangho, tribal languages

Chad
French , Arabic, Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

Colombia
Spanish

Comoros
Arabic, French, Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)

Congo
French, French Lingala, Monokutuba, many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)

Costa Rica
Spanish, English

Croatia
Croatian , Serbian , other (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified

Cuba
Spanish

Cyprus
Greek , Turkish, English , Romanian , Russian , Bulgarian , Arabic , Filipino other , unspecified ; note: data represent only the Republic of Cyprus

Czech Republic
Czech , Slovak , other

Democratic Republic Of The Congo
French, Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba

Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic, German; note: English is the predominant second language

Djibouti
French, Arabic, Somali, Afar

Dominica
English, French patois

Dominican Republic
Spanish

Ecuador
Spanish (Castilian) , Quechua , other indigenous , foreign

Egypt
Arabic, English, and French widely understood by educated classes

El Salvador
Spanish, Nawat

Equatorial Guinea
Spanish, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portugese, French)

Eritrea
Trigrinya, Arabic, English, Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages

Estonia
Estonian, Russian , Ukrainian, other
Eswatini
English (used for government business), siSwati

Ethiopia
Oromo , Amharic Somali , Tigrigna (Tigrinya) , Sidamo, Wolaytta , Gurage , Afar , Hadiyya , Gamo , Gedeo , Opuuo , Kafa , other , English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic

Fiji
English, Fijian, Hindustani

Finland
Finnish , Swedish , Russian , other

France
French

Gabon
French, Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi

Gambia
English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars

Georgia
Georgian , Azeri, Armenian , Russian , other

Germany
German

Ghana
Asante , Ewe, Fante , Boron (Brong) , Dagomba , Dangme , Dagarte (Dagaba) , Kokomba , Akyem , Ga , other ; note: English is the official language

Greece
Greek , other (includes English and French)

Grenada
English, French patois

Guatemala
Spanish , Maya languages , other (includes Xinca and Garifuna)

Guinea
French, Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages; note: about 40 languages are spoken; each ethnic group has its own language

Guinea-Bissau
Crioulo (lingua franca), Portuguese; largely used as a second or third language), Pular (a Fula language), Mandingo

Guyana
English, Guyanese Creole, Amerindian languages (including Caribbean and Arawak languages), Indian languages (including Caribbean Hindustani, a dialect of Hindi), Chinese

Haiti
French, Creole

Honduras
Spanish, Amerindian dialects

Hong Kong
Cantonese , English, Mandarin , other Chinese dialects , other

Hungary
Hungarian , English , German , Russian , Romanian , French , other; note: shares sum to more than 100 because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Hungarian is the mother tongue of almost all Hungarian speakers

Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German

Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note: more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia

Iran
Persian Farsi, Azeri and other Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and
Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic

Iraq
Arabic, Kurdish, Turkmen (a Turkish dialect), Syriac (Neo-Aramaic), and Armenian are official in areas where native speakers of these languages constitute a majority of the population

Ireland
English (the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge)

Israel
Hebrew, Arabic, English (most commonly used foreign language)

Italy
Italian, German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the TriesteGorizia area)

Ivory Coast
French, 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken

Jamaica
English, English patois

Japan
Japanese

Jordan
Arabic, English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)

Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq) 83.1, and trilingual (Kazakh, Russian, English) 22.3, Russian (used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 94.4


Kenya
English, Kiswahili, numerous indigenous languages

Kiribati
I-Kiribati, English

Kuwait
Arabic, English widely spoken

Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz (official) , Uzbek , Russian (official), other

Laos
Lao, French, English, various ethnic languages

Latvia
Latvian (official) , Russian , other (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified

Lebanon
Arabic, French, English, Armenian

Lesotho
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English, Zulu, Xhosa

Liberia
English 20, some 20 ethnic group languages few of which can be written or used in correspondence

Libya
Arabic, Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)

Liechtenstein
German (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian, Turkish, Portuguese, other

Lithuania
Lithuanian , Russian , Polish , other , unspecified

Luxembourg
Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language and national language - spoken vernacular) , Portuguese, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) , German (official administrative and judicial language) , Italian , English , other

Macau
Cantonese , Mandarin , other Chinese dialects , Tagalog, English , Portuguese , other

Madagascar
French, Malagasy, English

Malawi
English, Chichewa (common), Chinyanja, Chiyao, Chitumbuka, Chilomwe, Chinkhonde, Chingoni, Chisena, Chitonga, Chinyakyusa, Chilambya

Malaysia
Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note: Malaysia has 134 living languages - 112 indigenous languages and 22 nonindigenous languages; in East Malaysia, there are several indigenous languages; the most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan

Maldives
Dhivehi, English

Mali
French, Bambara , Peul/Foulfoulbe , Dogon, Maraka/Soninke , Malinke , Sonrhai/Djerma , Minianka, Tamacheq , Senoufo , Bobo , unspecified , other ;
note: Mali has 13 national languages in addition to its official language (French)

Malta
Maltese , English , multilingual , other

Marshall Islands
Marshallese , other languages ; note: English, widely spoken as a second language

Mauritania
Arabic (national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French; note: the spoken Arabic in Mauritania differs considerably from the modern standard Arabic used for official written purposes or in the media; the Mauritanian dialect, which incorporates many Berber words, is referred to as Hassaniya

Mauritius
Creole 8, Bhojpuri 5.3, French 4.1, two languages 1.4, other 2.6 (includes English, the official language of the National Assembly, which is spoken by less than 1 of the population), unspecified 0.1

Mexico
Spanish only 92.7, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.7, indigenous only 0.8, unspecified 0.8

Micronesia
English (official and common language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi

Monaco
French, English, Italian, Monegasque

Mongolia
Mongolian (Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian

Montenegro
Serbian, Montenegrin (official), Bosnian, Albanian , Serbo-Croat , other , unspecified

Morocco
Arabic, Berber languages (Tamazight, Tachelhit, Tarifit), French

Mozambique
Emakhuwa 26.1, Portuguese (official) 16.6, Xichangana 8.6, Cinyanja 8.1, Cisena 7.1, Elomwe 7.1, Echuwabo 4.7, Cindau 3.8, Xitswa 3.8, other Mozambican languages 11.8, other 0.5, unspecified 1.8

Myanmar
Burmese; note: minority ethnic groups use their own languagess

Namibia
Oshiwambo languages 49.7, Nama/Damara 11, Kavango languages 10.4, Afrikaans 9.4 (common language of most of the population), Herero languages 9.2, Zambezi languages 4.9, English 2.3, other African languages 1.5, other European languages .7, other 1; note: Namibia has 13 recognized national languages, including 10 indigenous African languages and 3 Indo-European languages

Nauru
Nauruan 93 (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English 2 (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes), other 5 (includes I-Kiribati 2 and Chinese 2) (2011 est.)

note: data represent main language spoken at home; Nauruan is spoken by 95 of the population, English by 66, and other languages by 12

Nepal
Nepali, Maithali , Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang , Newar , Magar , Bajjika Urdu , Avadhi , Limbu , Gurung , other

Netherlands
Dutch

New Zealand
English

Nicaragua
Spanish , Miskito, Mestizo of the Caribbean coast , other ; note: English and indigenous languages found on the Caribbean coast

Niger
French, Hausa, Djerma

Nigeria
English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages

North Korea
Korean

North Macedonia
Macedonian (official) , Albanian , Turkish , Romani, Serbian, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian)

Norway
Bokmal Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian, small Sami- and Finnishspeaking minorities

Oman
Arabic, English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects

Pakistan
Punjabi 48, Sindhi 12, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu) 8, Urdu 8, Balochi 3, Hindko 2, Brahui 1, English (lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8

Palau
Palauan (official on most islands) 65.2, other Micronesian 1.9, English (official) 19.1, Filipino 9.9, Chinese 1.2, other 2.8

Palestine (Not a UN member country but is a State)
Palestinian law is the law administered by the Palestinian National Authority within the territory pursuant to the Oslo Accords

Panama
Spanish, indigenous languages, Panamanian English Creole, English


Papua New Guinea
Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu, some 839 indigenous languages spoken (about 12 of the world's total); many languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers

Paraguay
Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3, only Guarani 34, only Spanish 15.2, other (includes Portuguese, German, other indigenous languages) 4.1 , no response .4

Peru
Spanish , Quechua , Aymara , Ashaninka , other

Philippines
Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan

Poland
Polish

Portugal
Portuguese, Mirandese

Qatar
Arabic, English commonly used as a second language

Republic of Moldova
Moldovan/Romanian (official) , Russian , Gagauz (a Turkish language), Ukrainian , Bulgarian , Romani , other

Romania
Romanian (official) , Hungarian , Romani , other, unspecified

Russian Federation
Russian , Tatar , Chechen, other

Rwanda
Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular) , French (official), English (official) , Swahili/Kiswahili (official, used in commercial centers) , other

Saint Kitts and Nevis
English (official)

Saint Lucia
English, French patois

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
English, Vincentian Creole English, French patois


Samoa
Samoan (Polynesian) (official) , Somoan/English, English (official) , others

San Marino
Italian

São Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese (official), Forro , Cabo Verdian , French , Angolar , English , Lunguie , other (including sign language)

Saudi Arabia
Arabic

Senegal
French (official), Wolof, Pular, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke

Serbia
Serbian (official), Hungarian , Bosnian, Romani, other, undeclared or unknown

Seychelles
Seychellois Creole (official), English (official) , French (official) , others

Sierra Leone
English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende
(principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10 of the population but understood by 95)

Singapore
English , Mandarin , other Chinese dialects , Malay , Tamil , others

Slovakia
Slovak (official) , Hungarian , Roma , Ruthenian , other or unspecified

Slovenia
Slovenian (official) , Serbo-Croatian , other or unspecified , Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside)

Solomon Islands
Melanesian pidgin is the lingua franca in much of the country, English (official but spoken by only 1-2 of the population), 120 indigenous languages

Somalia
Somali, Arabic, Italian, English

South Africa
IsiZulu 24.7, IsiXhosa 15.6, Afrikaans 12.1, Sepedi 9.8, Setswana 8.9, English 8.4, Sesotho 8, Xitsonga 4, siSwati 2.6, Tshivenda 2.5, isiNdebele 1.6, other (includes Khoi, Nama, and San languages) 1.9

South Korea
Korean, English (widely taught in elementary, junior high, and high
school)

South Sudan
English, Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants), regional languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk

Spain
Castilian Spanish , Catalan , Galician , Basque

Sri Lanka
Sinhala, Tamil , English


Sudan
Arabic, English, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur

Suriname
Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is the native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is the lingua franca among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese

Sweden
Swedish; note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages

Switzerland
German (or Swiss German) , French , Italian , English , Portuguese , Albanian , Serbo-Croatian , Spanish , Romansh , other

Syrian Arab Republic
Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English

Tajikistan
Tajik (official) 84.4, Uzbek 11.9, Kyrgyz .8, Russian .5, other 2.4; note: Russian widely used in government and business

Tanzania
Kiswahili or Swahili, Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages; note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the
first language of most people is one of the local languages

Thailand
Thai only 90.7, Thai and other languages 6.4, only other languages (includes Malay, Burmese); note: data represent population by language(s) spoken at home; English is a secondary language of the elite

Timor Leste
Tetun Prasa 30.6, Mambai 16.6, Makasai 10.5, Tetun Terik 6.1, Baikenu 5.9, Kemak 5.8, Bunak 5.5, Tokodede 4, Fataluku 3.5, Waima'a 1.8, Galoli 1.4, Naueti 1.4, Idate 1.2, Midiki 1.2, other 4.5 ; note: data represent population by mother tongue; Tetun and Portuguese are official languages; Indonesian and English are working languages; there are about 32 indigenous languages

Togo
French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Tonga
Tongan and English 76.8, Tongan, English, and other language 10.6, Tongan only 8.7, English only 0.7, other 1.7, none 2.2

Trinidad and Tobago
English, Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese

Tunisia
Arabic, French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight); note: despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population

Turkey
Turkish, Kurdish, other minority languages

Turkmenistan
Turkmen (official) , Russian , Uzbek , others

Tuvalu
Tuvaluan (official), English (official), Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)

Uganda
English (official language, taught in schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages and the language used most often in the capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili (official), Arabic

Ukraine
Ukrainian (official), Russian (regional language), other (includes small Crimean Tatar, Moldovan/Romanian, and Hungarianspeaking minorities)

United Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), English, Hindi, Malayam, Urdu, Pashto, Tagalog, Persian

United Kingdom
English, Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland), Welsh , Irish , Cornish

Uruguay
Spanish

United States
English , Spanish , Chinese, others; Hawaiian, indigenous languages

Uzbekistan
Uzbek (official) , Russian, Tajik , other

Vanuatu
Local languages (more than 100) , Bislama (official; creole) , English (official), French (official) , other ,

Vatican City (Non UN Member country)
Italian, Latin, French, various other languages

Venezuela
Spanish, numerous indigenous dialects

Vietnam
Vietnamese, English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain-area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)

Yemen
Arabic

Zambia
Bemba , Nyanja, Tonga, Lozi , Chewa, Nsenga , Tumbuka , Lunda (North Western) , Kaonde , Lala , Lamba , English , Luvale , Mambwe , Namwanga , Lenje , Bisa , other , unspecified

Zimbabwe
Shona (official; most widely spoken), Ndebele (official, second most widely spoken), English (official; traditionally used for official business), 13 minority languages (official; includes Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa)