Challenges
People do not know what is Biodiversity : It is biological diversity and refers to life on Earth, encompassing everything from genes and species to ecosystems and the functions they perform

Walter G. Rosen in 1986 coined "biodiversity"

The term biodiversity (from “biological diversity”) refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life. Biodiversity includes not only species we consider rare, threatened, or endangered but also every living thing—from humans to organisms we know little about, such as microbes, fungi, and invertebrates.

People value biodiversity both for what it provides to humans, and for the value it has in its own right.
Utilitarian values include the many basic needs humans obtain from biodiversity such as food, fuel, shelter, and medicine. Further, ecosystems provide crucial services such as pollination, seed dispersal, climate regulation, water purification, nutrient cycling, and control of agricultural pests. Biodiversity also holds value for potential benefits not yet recognized, such as new medicines and other possible unknown services. Biodiversity has cultural value to humans as well, for spiritual or religious reasons for instance.

Over the last century, humans have come to dominate the planet, causing rapid ecosystem change and massive loss of biodiversity across the planet.

Climate Change driven by human activities, is altering ecosystems and creating conditions that are difficult for many species to adapt to, leading to biodiversity loss.
As human populations grow and land is converted for agriculture, urbanization, and infrastructure, natural habitats are destroyed and fragmented, isolating populations and reducing biodiversity.
Overexploitation of Resources:
Unsustainable harvesting and extraction of natural resources, including wildlife, can lead to the decline and even extinction of species.
Pollution:
Pollution from industrial activities, agriculture, and other sources can contaminate ecosystems and harm biodiversity.
Invasive Species:
The introduction of non-native species can disrupt ecosystems, outcompete native species, and lead to biodiversity loss.
Other Challenges:
Desertification: The expansion of deserts can lead to the loss of biodiversity in arid regions.
Funding: Lack of adequate funding for biodiversity conservation and restoration is a significant challenge.
Agriculture: Intensive agricultural practices can negatively impact biodiversity, including the loss of pollinators and the decline of certain plant species.
Ecosystem Restoration: Restoring degraded ecosystems to their original state and biodiversity is a complex and challenging process.